News from FZU

The beauty of particle physics on 64 canvases. You can admire the exhibition for one more month at FZU

News: Institute of Physics - 4 hodiny 1 min zpět
Visitors to the exhibition of works created during the inaugural January workshop of the BeInspired project for lower and upper secondary school students, which aims to bridge the worlds of science and art, will find themselves in an artistic world inspired by elementary particle physics. The opening of the exhibition took place in the SOLID building on Thursday 14 March and proves that bringing together scientists, physics teachers and students helps to better understand the field, as well as to uncover the often hidden visual beauty of physics.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Thirty students have temporarily turned into astrophysicists

News: Institute of Physics - 4 hodiny 1 min zpět
On Friday, March 8, scientists from the Institute of Physics explained the secrets of cosmic rays and how to measure them at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina to nearly thirty high school students.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Exploring nonlinear gravitational waves in Horndeski theory

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 25/03/2024 - 10:45
In the fully nonlinear regime, gravitational waves can reveal drastic new phenomenology absent in the linearized theory. In this talk, I will review the role of disformal field redefinition to explore both the theories space and the solution space of modified gravity theories (focusing on scalar-tensor gravity). I shall first comment on the effect of disformal transformations on the Petrov type of a given geometry and use this opportunity to discuss how this can guide us in the construction of new exact solutions in scalar-tensor theories. Then, I will show how disformal field redefinition can the properties of a congruence of geodesics and in particular how they can generate disformal gravitational waves at the fully nonlinear level. I will illustrate this by presenting a new exact radiative solution in Horndeski gravity describing a scalar pulse. Analyzing this new radiative solution will show that in such higher order scalar-tensor theory, shear can be generated by a purely (time-dependent) scalar monopole, a feature which only emerge at the fully non-perturbative level and descends from the scalar-tensor mixing inbuilt in Horndeski gravity
Kategorie: News from FZU

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays: Anisotropies and potential origins

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 18/03/2024 - 14:35
Abstract:  Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays have puzzled scientists for over six decades since their discovery. While their sources remain unknown, observational evidence suggests they are of extragalactic origin. The arrival directions of cosmic rays do not point back to their sources as they are charged particles and their trajectories are deflected in magnetic fields in the universe. However, the presence of anisotropic patterns in their arrival directions can help us in understanding their origins. In this talk, I will report on the observations of cosmic ray anisotropies, with a particular focus on the dipole anisotropy observed above 8 EeV and discuss the possible origins of this anisotropic pattern.     The seminar will be held in the main conference hall, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, Prague 8. Location: https://goo.gl/maps/wEf7PsiLimSXMZhE9   The seminar will be also available via ZOOM video conference system: Meeting ID: 674 9629 6646 Passcode: 575511 or join meeting via direct ZOOM link  
Kategorie: News from FZU

SASP Erwin Schrödinger Gold Medal goes to Karl-Heinz Ernst

News: Institute of Physics - St, 13/03/2024 - 13:00
This year's prestigious Erwin Schrödinger Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Karl-Heinz Ernst for his pioneering contributions to fundamental and applied aspects of surface science, stereochemistry, chirality and nanomaterials. The medal was awarded in February at the XXIV Symposium on Atomic, Cluster and Surface Physics (SASP) in Andalo, Italy.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Constructing cosmological observables in the sky

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 11/03/2024 - 05:46
First, I will present a novel approach to the flat-sky angular power spectrum approximation, highlighting its comparison to the full-sky formalism and presenting fast and efficient computational methods paramount for the data analysis of upcoming galaxy surveys. I will then construct the 3D galaxy observables like the power spectrum, systematically exploring the projection effects and relations of these observables to the theoretically computed quantities. These are becoming increasingly important in times of large-volume surveys that have an opportunity to detect GR effects related to the Hubble scale.
Kategorie: News from FZU

The final match of the Young Physicists’ Tournament 2024

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 04/03/2024 - 15:35
On Friday 19th of April, the final match of the Young Physicists’ Tournament, a physics competition for teams of high school students, will take place. We would love to welcome future students and teachers, former participants, and other spectators to the event! To learn more about the competition, visit the Young Physicists Tournament website.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Electroweak gauge model with ultimately calculable quark and lepton masses and with theory-enforced astro-particle physics sector

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 04/03/2024 - 15:35
Dear colleagues, we would like to invite you to the seminar of Division of Elementary Particle Physics of Institute of Physics, presented by Ing. Jiří Hošek, DrSc.. For more info, please see invitation.
Kategorie: News from FZU

MOND: observational evidences and open challenges

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 04/03/2024 - 03:33
Milgromian dynamics (MOND) is an alternative to non-baryonic cold dark matter, proposed by Moti Milgrom in 1983. In this talk, I will review the successes and challenges that the MOND paradigm faces on the scales of galaxies, galaxy groups, and galaxy clusters. Firstly, I will focus on the dynamical regularities and empirical laws shown by galaxies, which point to the existence of a characteristic acceleration scale. These observational facts that were predicted a-priori by MOND. Next, I will illustrate the problem of galaxy clusters in MOND and discuss possible solutions to this long-standing challenge.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Light-triggered chemistry in a single molecule

News: Institute of Physics - Út, 27/02/2024 - 13:26
Controlling the chemical structure of matter at the atomic level with light seemed impossible until now. Now, scientists have developed a technique to control photochemical reactions at the level of individual molecules. An international team of researchers, including Tomáš Neuman from the Institute of Physics at CAS, has published a method for controlling molecular dynamics in Nature Nanotechnology. This breakthrough could open a new chapter in photochemistry research.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Four ways of looking at the Radial Acceleration Relation

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 26/02/2024 - 10:08
The radial acceleration relation (RAR) is a strong correlation of late-type galaxy dynamics, seeming to describe a mysterious link between baryonic and total dynamical mass. Its properties are so striking that it has even been argued to manifest a new law of gravity in galaxies, the so-called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). I will describe four recent works analysing the RAR in novel ways. The first (arXiv:2303.11314) marginalises over the galaxy parameters upon which the RAR variables depend, revealing an extremely small intrinsic scatter of 0.034 dex. The second (arXiv:2301.04368) applies a technique called symbolic regression to generate and score all possible functional forms for the RAR, suggesting the data is insufficient to infer Newtonian and deep-MOND limits with statistical confidence. The third (arXiv:2305.19978) uses machine learning to present evidence that the RAR is fundamental: it has no residual correlations, is the tightest projection of galaxies' dynamical parameter space and is uniquely capable of explaining all other dynamical correlations. The last (arXiv:2401.04796) shows that under a “classic” MOND interpretation, the RAR is inconsistent with planetary ephemerides and the kinematics of local wide binaries. I close with an abortive attempt to tie this all together.
Kategorie: News from FZU

FZU has Been Awarded a Total of Six P JAK Projects for Excellent Research.

News: Institute of Physics - Pá, 23/02/2024 - 15:13
The Excellent Research call in the Johannes Amos Comenius Programme (P JAK) is one of the most important Czech grant calls with a total allocation of CZK 12.2 billion, which aims to enable Czech research to reach European and global excellence. The Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (FZU) has achieved a significant success in this competition and will participate in the investigation of six projects out of the total of 26 projects that received funding in an extremely demanding evaluation process.
Kategorie: News from FZU

Nature Chemistry: Unique Butterfly-shaped Magnetic Graphene Nanoparticle

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 19/02/2024 - 14:08
For the first time, an international team of scientists has successfully developed a polyradical nanographene by combining two concepts: pi-magnetism formation in nanographene and strong interaction between electrons and topological frustration and they detected the magnetic signal using advanced scanning microscopy and quantum mechanical calculations. Graphene nanoparticles exhibit magnetic properties in certain shapes, making them suitable for information storage and processing in quantum computing.  
Kategorie: News from FZU

Positivity Constraints on Lorentz-breaking EFTs

News: Institute of Physics - Po, 19/02/2024 - 08:06
The coefficients of the operators of an effective field theory (EFT) are constrained to satisfy certain inequalities, under the (mild) assumption that the UV completion satisfies general requirements of causality and unitarity. I discuss the extension of these ideas to theories where the Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken, as it happens in cosmology and condensed matter physics. I explain why the use of the S-Matrix run into immediate problems. Constraints can be derived using dispersive arguments for the 2-point function of conserved currents and applied to models of interest in high-energy and condensed matter.
Kategorie: News from FZU

The 47th Ad Hoc Workshop on Jana2020. Standard, modulated and magnetic structures

News: Institute of Physics - Čt, 15/02/2024 - 15:38
The program is composed of four sessions. Each session starts with a lecture and continues with practical exercises. For practical exercises, the users will be provided with a cookbook, installation files and necessary data. Preliminary experience with Jana2006/Jana2020 is not required. The workshop is OFF LINE.
Kategorie: News from FZU

When Spins Take the Stage: Libor Šmejkal's Triumph at the Falling Walls Award

News: Institute of Physics - Čt, 15/02/2024 - 09:36
"A scientific discovery has no merit unless it can be explained to a barmaid.” This quote by Nobel laureate Ernest Rutherford could be applied to the recent achievements of Libor Šmejkal. He was selected from hundreds of nominated scientists to be awarded the Breakthrough Scientific Discovery of the Year 2023 title in the Falling Walls competition for his theoretical work on altermagnetism and non-dissipative nanoelectronics.
Kategorie: News from FZU

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